Traces of ARVs found in water, but no health risk, say authorities
The Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) and the Water Research Commission (WRC) have confirmed that traces of anti-retroviral (ARV) medication have been detected in some of South Africa’s rivers and drinking water samples, but have assured the public that there is no immediate health risk.
The traces were discovered as part of a long-term study conducted by North West University in collaboration with local and international research partners.
The findings come from ongoing investigations into contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which include pharmaceuticals, microplastics and chemicals that may pose risks to human and environmental health.
The study also revealed that ARV residues are entering water systems through municipal sewage — a result of the body excreting unabsorbed components of the medication.
These residuals then make their way through wastewater treatment plants, many of which are not equipped to remove them.
"Low concentrations of ARVs were found in some of the drinking water samples, but almost all were below the limits of quantification," the statement read.
The most frequently detected compounds were fluconazole, nevirapine, and efavirenz.
The department added the presence of these pharmaceutical traces is measured in nanograms — one-billionth of a gram — and therefore poses no direct harm. However, it acknowledged the need for further research, particularly into the long-term effects of prolonged exposure, such as the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance.
Importantly, the authorities stress that ARVs do not cause HIV and their presence in water will not lead to HIV infections.
"Pharmaceuticals such as ARVs are drugs used to treat diseases – they do not cause diseases. Therefore, the presence of traces of ARVs in the water will not result in people contracting HIV".
The Water Research Commission has pledged to continue researching innovative treatment methods, including advanced membrane systems, and to work with global partners to address the growing international concern around CECs in water.
Members of the public are urged to remain calm, as South Africa’s drinking water continues to meet the SANS241 safety standards aligned with World Health Organization guidelines.
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